OK, base stats determine a Mons max possible stat. EG a base stat of 100 in HP means it's max possible stat for HP is 404. They aren't much use to learn, just taking account of a max stat is the same.
natures will increase and decrease 1 individual stat each by 10%. For example, an adamant nature will allow a 10% increase to Atk, allowing it to reach its max, whereas a 10% decrease to Sp.Atk, preventing it from reaching its max.